History of Pen and Gesture Computing:
Annotated Bibliography in On-line Character Recognition,
Pen Computing, Gesture User Interfaces and Tablet and Touch Computers

Copyright © 20241225 15:10:08 EST

This posting is an annotated bibliography focused broadly on touchscreen and gesture user interfaces, on-line character recognition (a.k.a. dynamic character recognition, a.k.a. pen and touch computing), both hardware and software. It has been a continuing work-in-progress since the 1980s. It includes references on related technical topics I have encountered in my career: for example PDAs/highly-portable computing, cryptographic communications, signature verification, biometric authentication, and digital rights management (DRM). I am posting it as a service to those with interest in the field.

It may also be of special interest to anyone investigating any of the areas of digitizer tablets, touchscreens, character recognition, touch/gesture user interfaces, multi-touch computing, passive and active tactile feedback, touch and proximity sensors, augmented reality, haptics, context-dependent intrepretation of user input, and applications including the same. It covers the time period from approximately 1887 / 1891 (first electronic tablets with "touch" input and a display), through 1914 (first electronic gesture/handwriting-recognition input and user-interface system), to the first handwriting-recognition tablet device connected to a modern electronic computer in 1957 (the "Stylator") and the more famous Rand Tablet (1961), to the present day.

As with any subject, the focus has modulated over the decades, and this bibliography follows these topics both forward in time, and historically back in time. Tablets and touchscreens have evolved into a variety of pointing devices, into PDAs and smart-phones, locating and gesturing sensors with three-dimensional input with six degrees of freedom, and more.

For example, there are no real lines between touch sensing for robotics, touch and contact sensing for user human input, fingerprint sensors, and touch and proximity sensing in general.

Likewise, there are no real lines between haptics for touchscreens, haptics for instrumentation, and biometric feedback. Earlier work on handwriting recognition, with handwritten symbols sometimes used for command input as "gestures", has evolved to be part of a much broader range of gestures, including in-air and 3D gestures.

Command user interfaces have merged with direct manipulation, and then with graphical user interfaces and virtual reality. Authenticating handwritten signatures has evolved to additional forms of dynamic biometrics. Haptic feedback has evolved from "simple" force-feedback to encompass tactile stimulation using electrovibration and sonic shock waves, and perceptual effects of visual and audio signaling. Virtual reality systems seem to have waxed and waned, and waxed again.

It is, indeed, a rich and complicated field, in all its aspects.

Jean Renard Ward For additional information on Rueters-Ward Services,
including my CV for consulting or as an expert witness:
URL:   http://www.ruetersward.com.)
e-mail: jrward@alum.mit.edu
Google Voice: 617-600-4095

References from the approximate years 2016 to 2018.

biblio15 (Prev page)   (Prev page) Main Page Main Page Main Page (Next page)   (Next page) biblio20
biblio15 (Prev page)  (Prev page) Main Page Main Page Main Page (Next page)  (Next page) biblio20
Mirrors of this page can be found at:

You should never throw Caution to the winds: 
Caution is a mean dog, and will probably bite
your hand off if you try.                    
"Gegen organisierte Macht gibt es nur organisierte Macht:   
 ich sehe kein anderes Mittel, so sehr ich es auch bedaure."
            -- Albert Einstein, d. 14. Juli 1941,           
               Antwort auf eine Frage über seinen Standpunkt
               als Pazifist zum Zweiten Weltkrieg           
ATGT, Advanced Touchscreen and Gesture Technologies, Android user interfaces, Android, Blue Spike, CV, C.V., Computing, Content Guard, ContentGuard Corporation, D.R.M., DRM, Ericsson, GO Corporation, GO, GUI, GUIs, Google, HCI, HTML, HWX, I.P.R., IDE, IPR, Inter Partes Review, ITO, Java, Jean Renard Ward curriculum vitae, Jean Renard Ward cv, Jean Renard Ward, Jean, Lenovo, Lucent Technologies, Lucent, M.I.T., MULTICS, machine learning, Markman hearing, Markman, Microsoft Surface, Microsoft, Motorola, Networking, Networks, Nokia, Orange Book, PHP, PKI, PTAB, Patent Office, Pen Computing, Pen, Pen-Point, PenPoint, Pencept, Perl, Python, RSA, Renard, Samsung, Tablet Computing, Tablet PC, Technologies, Touchscreen Computing, U.S.P.T.O., UI toolkits, UI, USPTO, WIMP, Ward, Windows for Pen Computing, Windows, accessibility computing, accessibility technology, accessibility, acoustic touchscreen, alpha blending, analysis, assistive technologies, asymmetric key cryptography, asymmetric-key cryptography, authentication, biometric authentication, biometrics, blind, capacitance, capacitive sensor, certificate, character recognition, claims analysis, claims chart, claims construction, coding, color maping, color mapping, composite video, computer access, computer graphics, computer input device, computer mice, computer mouse, computer pointing device, computer security, computer, conductive film, consultant curriculum vitae, consultant cv, consultant, contact sensor, content management, content security, controllers, copy protection, copy-protection, cryptanalysis, cryptographic mask, cryptographic protocol, curriculum vitae, curriculum, cv, data authentication, data encryption, data entry, data structures, deposition, detection, digital certificate, digital encryption, digital rights management, digital rights, digital signature, digital signatures, digital, electro-vibration, electronic display instrument, electronic document, electronic pen, electronic signature, electronic, electrovibration, encryption, expert report, expert witness curriculum vitae, expert witness cv, expert witness, expert, feedback, finger gestures, fingerprint scanner, firmware, for, force feedback, gesture recognition, gestures, graphical user interfaces, graphics, hand gestures, hand-held, handheld device, handheld mobile device, handheld, handwriting recognition, haptic feedback, haptic, haptics, hashing, human-computer interaction, iPad, iPhone, inadvertent touch, indium tin oxide, input devices, input techniques, intellectual property, inter-partes review, interaction techniques, interactive surfaces, interface, international patent litigation experience, kinetic scrolling, light pen, lightpen, litigation support, litigation, malware detection, malware, managements, micropattern, mobile computing mobile device input, mobile computing, mobile device input, mobile devices, mobile keyboard, mobile user interfaces, momentum scrolling, mouse, multi-touch, multitouch, mutual capacitance, mutual capacitive, network security, on-screen keyboard, one-finger gesture, palm rejection, patent litigation, patent, patents, pen gestures, pen interfaces, pen, phone user interfaces, pinch-to-zoom, pointing device, pointing devices, position sensor, position-sensing interactive display terminal, position sensor, post-WIMP user interfaces, power management, programming environments, programming, projected capacitance, projected capacitive, proximity sensor, proximity sensors, proximity, public key encryption, public-key encryption, resistive, rights, root-kit, rootkit, rootkits, screen display, screen door transparency, screen reader, screen-door transparency, screen-reader, screenreader, scroll gesture, scrolling, security, self capacitance, self capacitive, sensors, signature verification, signatures, single-finger gesture, slide-to-unlock, smartphone user interface, smartphone user interfaces, smartphone, source code analysis, source code, source-code analysis, source-code, sourcecode analysis, sourcecode, stroke gestures, styli, stylus, symmetric-key cryptography, table-top computing, tablet controller, tablet controllers, tablet hardware, tablet, tabletop computing, tablets, tactile feedback, tactile sensor, testimony, text entry, touch detection, touch gestures, touch input device, touch screen devices, touch input, touch pad, touch screen devices, touch screen input, touch screen, touch screens, touch sensor, touch sensors, touch strip, touch tracking, touch, touch-pad, touch-screen, touch-sensitive screen, touch-strip, touchpad, touchscreen gestures, touchscreen graphics, touchscreen, touchstrip, transparent conductor, transparent film, trial, trojan, user interface design, user interface patents, user interface software, user interface technology, user interface, user interfaces, user, vibrotactile, virtual keyboard, visual programming, visually impaired, visually-impaired, vitae, web design, web user interfaces, window managers, witness, zoom gesture,